![]() Federal Bureau of Prisons, Civil Action 1:12-cv-01570) alleged chronic abuse, failure to properly diagnose prisoners, and neglect of prisoners who are seriously mentally ill. In 2012, a federal class action suit against the Federal Bureau of Prisons and officials who run ADX Florence SHU ( Bacote v. A 2011 New York Bar Association comprehensive study suggested that supermax prisons constitute "torture under international law" and "cruel and unusual punishment under the U.S. One criticism is that the living conditions in such facilities violate the United States Constitution, specifically, the Eighth Amendment's proscription against "cruel and unusual" punishments. ![]() Supermax and Security Housing Unit (SHU) prisons are controversial. Cell walls, and sometimes plumbing, may be soundproofed to prevent communication between people. Furnishings are plain, with poured concrete or metal furniture. Cell doors are usually opaque, while the cells may be windowless. People in these prisons are under constant surveillance, usually with CCTV cameras. Prisoners receive their meals through ports in the doors of their cells. Group exercise is offered only to those who are in transition programs. Exercise is done in indoor spaces or small, secure, outdoor spaces, usually alone or in a pair and always watched by correctional officers. In a supermax, incarcerated people are generally allowed out of their cells for only one hour a day (one-and-a-half hours in California state prisons). Some jurisdictions provide no programming to its incarcerated population. Others provide instructors who speak through the cell door to individuals who are incarcerated. Certain jurisdictions provide entertainment for their incarcerated population in the form of television, educational and self-help programs. The amount of programming for those in prison varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. These decisions are made as administrative protection measures and the prisoners in a supermax are deemed by correctional workers as a threat to the safety and security of the institution itself. ![]() Those who are in a supermax prison are placed not as a punishment of their crimes but by their previous history when incarcerated or based on reliable evidence of an impending disruption, such as a gang leader or the leader of a radical movement. ![]() Very limited activities: few opportunities are provided for recreation, education, substance abuse programs, or other activities generally considered healthy and rehabilitative at other prisons.Communication with outsiders is minimal to none. ![]()
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